McLEAN, Va. — A new-vehicle cash incentive of $1,000 reduces the price of a one-year-old used vehicle by nearly $600, according to the NADA Used Car Guide. Comparatively, $1,000 spent on finance and lease incentives reduces the price of a one-year-old used vehicle by $165 and $89, respectively.

If market conditions such as the economy, time of year, level of supply and manufacturer suggested retail prices remain constant, an incentive of $1,000 on a model with no previous discounts would result in a $563 drop in price when the vehicle is sold as a one-year-old used car, NADA reports. For a three-year-old version and a nine-year-old version of the same model, the price would drop by $381 and $133, respectively.

“This pass-through effect means cash incentives continue to exert a sizable negative influence on prices far removed from more recent model years,” said Jonathan Banks, executive automotive analyst at the NADA Used Car Guide.

“Not all incentives resonate equally with customers, so they don’t have an equal impact on used prices, either,” Banks noted. “By comparison, in many cases it’s more difficult for a consumer to translate the savings from finance or lease incentives, and, as a result, the power to sway consumer demand — and negatively affect used prices — isn’t as great on these incentive types.”

Currently, average spending for all incentive types is $2,574 per unit, down 12 percent from 2004’s peak and 2 percent below 2007’s pre-recession average of $2,631. While total incentive spending currently remains below prerecession levels, it has ticked up by 3 percent compared to last year.

“Looking ahead, the NADA expects that slower new sales growth and fiercer competition will see incentives rise modestly in the coming years,” said Banks. “But we don’t foresee an imminent return to destructive levels of the past.”

As the NADA’s analysis has shown, value preservation of used vehicles is as much a function of the type of incentives used as is the total amount spent. Today, manufacturers have a much better understanding of how some incentive strategies can depress used vehicle prices as they continue to balance profitability with market share goals, Banks said.

“Plus, the industry as a whole is building what is arguably the best product ever, which minimizes the need for a dramatic shift in incentive spending,” he added.

Considering these points, the NADA believes manufacturers will likely protect price advances by continuing to focus their discount strategies around finance and lease subvention rather than customer or dealer cash.

“While we expect to see incentive spending increase moderately in 2014, a prudent discount mix and a commensurate rise in MSRPs will keep new-vehicle transaction prices from falling, and this, in turn, will mitigate downward pressure on used vehicle prices,” Banks said.

The NADA uses a statistical model to estimate the price of used vehicles as a function of all key characteristics and the sales strategies used. Using this model, the NADA is able to explore the effect of the different types of incentive spending on used vehicle prices.

Click here for more details on the report.